A Study on the Interaction Between “State Learning” and International Structure from the Perspective of Comparative Politics: A Case of Japan’s Taika Era Reforms and China’s Westernization Movement in the Qing Dynasty

This paper attempts to take Japans Taika Era Reforms and China’s Westernization Movement in the Qing Dynasty as positive negative cases explore role of “state learning” under pressure different international structures how it leads changes state formation. In case Japan’s Reforms, structure is not a balance power system, so behavior dominated by consequence logic adaptive system. are more due “elite struggle” Reformists, desire obtain political within country, which enables Japan feedback through learning”. shows that structural cannot effectively explain all situations transformation Dynasty, although forced emergence learning”, reformers country could have stable base their willingness was strong, led change formation be positively fed back structure. The hypothesis “cognitive institutional interaction” this can situation China behaviors face pressures highlight importance will struggle between elites country.